Leading-Edge Digital
Companies designing and volume-manufacturing digital logic at 22nm and below.
- Santa Clara, CA, USA (division of Intel Corporation)
Intel Foundry
Public (Nasdaq: INTC); US government holds ~10% equity (~$8.9B, 433.3M shares) via CHIPS Act conversion since Aug 2025; SoftBank ~2%
- Tokyo (Chiyoda-ku), Japan; Chitose, Hokkaido (fab/R&D); Santa Clara, CA (Rapidus Design Solutions)
Rapidus
Private consortium (Toyota, Sony, NTT, NEC, SoftBank, MUFG, Kioxia, Denso, and others) plus heavy Japanese government (METI/NEDO) backing
- Hwaseong / Pyeongtaek, South Korea (Samsung Electronics Device Solutions division)
Samsung Foundry
Public parent (Samsung Electronics, KRX: 005930)
- Shanghai, China
SMIC (advanced-node scope)
Public (HKEX: 0981 / SSE: 688981); state-linked strategic shareholders
- Hsinchu, Taiwan
TSMC
Public (TWSE: 2330 / NYSE: TSM)